How far can an electric car go?

The move to electric cars brings lots of questions, and one of the more common is how far can an EV go on a single charge; if you’re asking this, look no further

Electric cars represent a big change for motorists, and one of the first questions people ask about EVs is how far can they go on a single charge.

There is no short answer to this as it depends on a huge variety of factors. The size of the car’s battery has a big impact, as does how effective its power management system is.

Environmental factors play a big role in how far an EV can go on a single charge, too: cold weather and hills negatively impact an electric car’s range, and your own driving style has a massive effect, too.

How far can an electric car go on one charge?

EV technology has improved hugely in recent years. The shortest-range EV you can buy from new today is the Smart EQ ForTwo, which can officially cover 80 miles on a single charge, while the furthest is managed by the Mercedes EQS 450+, which can do 464 miles. Moving away from those extreme ends of the scale, a decent range for a family EV is something of the order of 250 miles. In many instances you will need a break to stretch your legs before the car needs recharging

We recently assembled the Mercedes EQS, the Ford Mustang Mach-E, the BMW iX and the Tesla Model 3 (some of the longest-range EVs on the market) to the test in them real world, driving them until their batteries were totally empty to see what they could really manage.

What affects the range of electric cars?

As set out earlier, EVs, just like petrol and diesel cars, are impacted by a number of factors when it comes to how far they can go before needing to stop and recharge. The variables at play comprise:

Ambient temperature

Batteries don’t like extreme temperatures, being particularly unhappy in the cold. While precise figures vary depending on precise temperatures and battery chemistries, EV drivers can expect somewhere around 10 to 30% less range when it’s cold.

The type of driving you do

Moving faster requires more energy, while official EV ranges are measured based on using a variety of speeds – some high, some low.

People who do mainly town driving should get much closer to an EV’s official range. If you have a three-hour motorway slog to be doing and stick to 70mph, expect the battery range to be less than the official quoted number.

As with speed, going up gradients requires more energy, meaning a mile travelling uphill will take more from the battery than a mile on the flat.

How you drive

A heavy right foot will make any car’s efficiency worse, and if you frequently use heavy acceleration in an EV, you will use up more battery power than if you are more gentle. It’s also worth noting that increasing your cruising speed even slightly can have a big impact on how much energy is required to move the car: dropping from 70mph to 65mph can have a bigger impact on how far you can go between charges than you might imagine.

What systems you have running

Most people know that tumble driers, washing machines and dishwashers draw a lot of energy, partly because they tend to require a heating element to run, and the same is true with electric cars. Crank up the heated seats and have the cabin temperature set high and you’ll notice a big impact on how far an EV can go. Many electric cars have an on-board computer than can tell you how much effect running certain features has on range.

The nature of the car and its batteries

Electric car batteries are measured in kiloWatt hours, with a 100kWh battery being large, and a 40kWh battery being pretty small.

Broadly speaking, the bigger the battery, the further the car will go, but a number of other factors come into play here as well, including how heavy the car is (including how many passengers and how much luggage it is carrying), how aerodynamic it is, and how sophisticated the battery chemistry and management system are.

Our guide to how much it costs to charge an EV has more information on this topic.

What’s the difference between claimed and real-world electric range?

Just as with fuel economy figures, official battery ranges for electric cars may not always reflect how far you can travel on a charge in the real world. This is because the standardised testing EVs are put through to calculate how far they can go on one charge are heavily regulated by Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) rules.

WLTP tests are hugely complicated and contain countless details, but as one example tests are conducted at 23 degrees celsius without the air-conditioning running, two factors that may not reflect day-to-day driving for many motorists.

As a rule of thumb, real-world ranges can be 10% to 20% short of official ranges, though how you drive could see achieve better or worse numbers than that.

It’s also worth highlighting that electric cars aren’t designed to be charged to 100% and driven until they reach 0%. To help preserve battery health most EVs recommend charging to 80 or 90%, while getting to 0% of charge risks grinding to a halt on the road, and is equivalent to running a petrol or diesel car with the fuel light on for some time.

As such, most owners keep their cars in the 20-80% range, meaning the official range figure has even less relevance for real-world driving. That may sounds like a bit sacrifice, but EVs require a slightly different mindset to conventional cars. After all, if you have a chargepoint at home this is a little like having your own personal petrol station on your driveway, and with the average driver covering just 20 miles a day, keeping a 250-mile EV within the 20-80% range is pretty workable.

Official WLTP battery range figures are also very useful when comparing different electric cars against each other, just as official mpg economy figures are with petrol and diesel cars.

Which electric cars have the longest range?

Our dedicated guide to the EVs with the longest range should be on your reading list if you’re interested in the cars that can go the furthest, but the top five long-range EVs are:

1. Mercedes EQS 450+: up to 464 miles
2. Tesla Model S Dual Motor AWD: up to 405 miles
3. Mercedes EQE 350+ : up to 384 miles
4. BMW iX xDrive50: up to 380 miles
5. Ford Mustang Mach-E Extended Range: 379 miles

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